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Maternal and Cytoplasmic Effects on Seed Protein Content in Soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill¹

Protein contents (in percent) of individual soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, seeds from F₁, F₂, backcross and parental populations associated with crosses between high and low protein lines were estimated by analyzing small pieces of cotyledons by the micro-Kjeldahl method. Mean percent protein of F₁ seeds did not differ from that of selfed seeds produced on the same plants indicating strong maternal effects. Overall means of F₂ and backcross seeds obtained from two pairs of reciprocal crosses differed significantly in percent protein indicating cytoplasmic effects with a 3 to 4% increase being associated with cytoplasms from the high protein lines. Variances of selfed seeds on plants of both high and low protein parental lines were as large as variances of selfed seeds on F₁ plants from crosses between these lines. Our results suggest that the genotype of a soybean seed has little influence on percent protein of the seed. Thus selection among individual seeds from a single plant to increase protein percent is probably ineffective in soybeans.

Key Words: Single seed selection • Micro-Kjeldahl

² Pulse Geneticist, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics. Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur, India (formerly Rockefeller Foundation Fellow in Plant Genetics) and Professor of Plant Genetics, Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, respectively.

Received for publication January 26, 1972.