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Cyanogenesis: Its Inheritance in Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum sudanense, Lotus, and Trifolium repens—A Review¹

Associations of HCN potential with many plant characteristics have been reported for Sorghum bicolor and Sorghum sudanense. In the literature dominance or partial dominance for genetic control of both high and low HCN potential is indicated in these crops. The number of genes regulating HCN production in sorghum and sudangrass has not been established. Cyanogenesis in Trifolium repens is governed by the interaction of two independently segregating pairs of genes: (i) Ac:ac — for the presence or absence of the cyanoglucoside lotaustralin; and (ii) Li:li — for the presence or absence of the enzyme linamarase. A similar mechanism appears to be operating in Lotus with additional modifier genes. Several environmental factors play an important role in regulating cyanoglucoside and enzyme frequencies in Trifolium repens. A part of the mechanism by which the polymorphism of the cyanoglucoside of L. corniculatus is maintained under natural conditions may be through feeding on the acyanogenetic forms by several animals.

Key Words: HCN • Cyanoglucoside • Natural selection • Linamarase • Oxynitrilase • ß-glucosidase

² Formerly Post-doctoral student (now Research Scientist, Canada Department of Agriculture, Charlottetown, P. E. I., Canada).

Received for publication January 24, 1972.