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Inheritance and Genetic Relationships of Six Endosperm Types in Sorghum¹

Twelve different lines of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] representing six different endosperm types were intercrossed in all possible combinations including reciprocals. F₁ and F₂ endosperm classifications were made as well as F₂ plant classifications (F₃ endosperm). Also, some crosses were made onto male-sterile lines and limited backcross data were obtained. The F₂ endosperm data were analyzed by chi-square procedures. The study was conducted to determine the inheritance and interrelationship among six endosperm types in sorghum, i.e., normal, waxy, sugary, yellow, dent, and defective. Defective endosperm appeared to be conditioned by recessive genes at a single locus, but normal endosperm was incompletely dominant or gave a dosage effect. The expression of yellow endosperm appeared to be conditioned by more than one and possibly several factors with some evidence of dosage effect and of dominance toward nonyellow. Reciprocal differences were noted for F₁. endosperms from all crosses involving the defective and the yellow endosperm types. Three of the endosperm types (dent, sugary, and waxy) were inherited as independent simple recessives, however, some modifying factors altered the inheritance of the waxy type in some crosses. No linkage was indicated in the study.

Key Words: Endosperm mutants • Genetics Waxy • Carotenoids Sugary • Dent • Defective • Sorghum bicolor L. Moench

² Formerly graduate research assistant (now Assistant Professor of Agronomy, University of Florida, Agricultural Research Center, Marianna, Florida) and Professor of Agronomy, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, 74074.

Received for publication November 29, 1971.