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Interacting Male Sterility-Male Fertility Restoration Systems for Hybrid Wheat Research¹

We studied the behavior of several male fertility restoration systems in wheat involving cytoplasms from different species of Triticum L. and Aegilops L. and distinguished cytoplasms on the basis of nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions. The genomes of Triticum aestivum L., varieties ‘Chris,’ ‘Selkirk’ and ‘Chinese Spring,’ and selections of T. durum Desf. and T. timopheevi Zhuk. were substituted into the cytoplasm of several species of Triticum and Aegilops by backcrossing. Also, cytoplasmic male-sterile A-lines of Chris and Selkirk were crossed with several R-lines having male fertility restoring genes from different sources. R5 = (T. Zhukovskyi/3*T. aestivum ‘Justin’) and R6 = (T. boeoticum-Ae, squarrosa amphidiploid/T, durum//Chinese Spring) gave fertile hybrids from crosses with A-lines having cytoplasms of T. boeoticum Boiss., T. timopheevi, or T. Zhukovskyi Men. and Er., but R5 and R6 gave sterile hybrids with A-lines having cytoplasms of T. araraticum Jakubz., T. dicoccoides var. nudiglumis Nabalek, or Ae. speltoides Tausch. Substitution of the T. timopheevi genome into Ae. speltoides cytoplasm resulted in malesterile plants. Of the six R-lines used R5 and R6 restored male fertility and plant vigor to A-lines with cytoplasm of T. boeoticum, produced stunted bushy plants from crosses with A-lines having Ae. ovata cytoplasm, and showed that T. timopheevi and T. Zhukovskyi were cytoplasmically similar but differed from Ae. speltoides, T. aramticum, and T. dicoccoides var. nudiglumis. A method for producing single-, three-way, or double-cross hybrids using interactions of two male sterility and male fertility restoring systems is proposed for .hybrid wheat research. Thus, an R-line can be used as an A-Line for a cross with another R-line.

Key Words: Cytoplasmic variability • Nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction • Nuclear substitution • Sterility factors • Triticum • Aegilops

² Associate Professors of Agronomy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, N.D. 58102.

Received for publication November 24, 1971.