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Selection for Early Flowering in Corn¹

Three late, serai-exotic corn (Zea mays L.) synthetics were selected (5% level) for early silking by sib-mating over a six-generation period; then the seven cycles (including original forms) were compared in performance trials at three plant densities over 2 years. Virtually every ' trait measured changed significantly due to selection only for early flowering. Effect per cycle averaged: 1.00 q/ha yield increase; 1.2 points of percent H2O decrease; 2.8% stalk breakage increase; 7.2-cm plant height decrease; 5.2-cm ear height decrease; 1.8 days less to flower; and 0.3 days less silk delay. The decrease in silk delay suggests that the method may be useful in selecting materials for adaptation to high plant densities. We observed a maturity-influenced cycle-by-year interaction for yield where early flowering cycles had a distinct advantage in a cool, short season.

Key Words: Adaption • Correlated response • Exotic germ plasm • Maturity by environment interaction • Phenotypic recurrent selection • Simple recurrent selection

² Research Coordinator, Mankato, Minn. 56002, and Vice President, Des Moines, Iowa 50308. We wish to acknowledge the aid of John T. Watson, Woodstock, Ontario for aid with the multiple-year statistical analyses.

Received for publication August 6, 1971.

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