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Studies on the Heritability of Gossypol in Leaves and Flower Buds of Gossypium¹

The inheritance of gossypol in cotton (Gossypium spp.) flower buds and leaves was studied in populations derived from three crosses of medium x medium, high x low and high x high gossypol parents. Data from all three crosses indicated that a low gossypol level was dominant to a higher gossypol level. F₂ frequency distributions suggested that more than one gene controls the expression of level of gossypol in flower buds. There was an indication of additive gene action although the possibility of geometric gene action was not ruled out. Estimates of broad-sense heritability ranged from 73.0 to 86.0%.

Significant positive correlation values were found between the level of gossypol in the flower buds and leaves in four populations of Upland cotton. Thus we concluded that at least some of the genes responsible for the expression of the level of gossypol in the flower buds also control the level of gossypol in the cotton leaves.

Significant positive correlation values were obtained between the level of gossypol in the leaves and the number of glands on leaf, bract, and petal. Similarly, the correlation values between the level of gossypol in the flower buds and the number of glands on leaf and petal were positive and significant. Thus we concluded that the number of glands on leaves, bracts, and petals can be a useful breeding index for developing low or high gossypol lines of Upland cotton. The maximum number of glands per 5 mm disc occurred in the leaves and the minimum number in the bracts.

Key Words: Additive gene action • Pigment glands • Gossypium hirsutum L. • Gossypium barbadense L.

² Research Assistant and Assistant Professor, Dept, of Agronomy, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30601.

Received for publication July 23, 1971.