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Two Genes Affecting Stem Termination in Soybeans¹

Inheritance of the common determinate (abruptly terminated) stem type (dt₁) vs indeterminate (tapered) stem (Dt₁) in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] was confirmed as monogenic. The heterozygote Dt₁dt₁ showed a distinct intermediate or semi-determinate phenotype in the genetic backgrounds studied. A stem type resembling this Dt₁dt₁ heterozygote was found in a few true-breeding varieties and was shown to be controlled by a single dominant gene designated Dt₂. Crosses between the two types gave F₂ ratios of 1 indeterminate:11 semi-determinate:4 determinate, the expected ratio for independent segregation with dt₁ epistatic to Dt₂-dt₂.

The primary effect of both dt₁ and Dt₂ is to hasten the termination of apical stem growth, which decreases both plant height and number of nodes, but dt₁ has a much greater effect. In tests at Urbana of dt₁ and Dt₂ BC₅ isolines of the indeterminate (Dt₁ dt₂) commercial varieties ‘Harosoy’ and ‘Clark,’ plant height was reduced by 45 to 60% by dt₁ and 12 to 15% by Dt₂. Seed yield was only slightly reduced by dt₁ and was unaffected by Dt₂. Lodging resistance was consistently improved by dt₁ and in some instances by Dt₂. Time of maturity and seed size and composition were slightly affected in some cases.

Key Words: Glycine max (L.) • Merrill • Plant habit • Epistasis • Determinate stem • Indeterminate stem

² Research geneticist, PSRD, ARS, USDA, and Professor of Plant Genetics, Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.

Received for publication September 22, 1971.

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