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Genetic Control of Leaflet Number in Soybeans¹

The genetic control of leaflet number in soybeans [Glycine max' (L.) Merr.] was studied using a seven-leaflet mutant (T255) found in the commercial three-leaflet cultivar ‘Hawkeye’ and a five-leaflet strain (T143) in the soybean genetic collection. The F₁, F₂, and F₃ generations of the crosses Hawkeye x T255, T143 x Hawkeye, and T143 x T255 were evaluated.

The seven-leaflet character was controlled by a single major gene (Lf₂). Dominance of the Lf₂ allele controlling trifoliolate leaves was complete in the Hawkeye x T255 cross, but partial dominance was present in other genetic backgrounds. Multifoliolate leaves in T143 were controlled by a single major gene with partial dominance for the Lf₁ allele controlling the five-leaflet character. There was independent assortment of the two genes controlling leaflet number. Homozygous Lf₁Lf₁lf₂lf₂ individuals with up to 15 leaflets per leaf have been observed.

Leaves of T255 with seven leaflets had a longer rachis by 8 mm and 9.4% greater leaf area than trifoliolate leaves of Hawkeye. No difference in seed yield was observed between Hawkeye and T255, indicating no yield advantage for plants with leaves with more than three leaflets.

Key Words: Multifoliolate leaves • Glycine max (L.) Merr. • Rachis • Leaf area

² Associate Professor of Agronomy and Collaborator, PSRD, ARS, USDA, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010.

Received for publication September 13, 1971.

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