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Inheritance of a Mutation for Dwarfness in Soybeans¹

Dwarf soybean plants [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were found in a row of the ‘Hark’ variety at Ames, Iowa in 1966. All plants in the row were from seeds of a single plant harvested from a foundation seed field of Hark the previous year. The plants had short internodes and petioles. The leaves were similar in shape to normal Hark, but were only one-fourth normal size. The flowers were approximately three-fourths the size of normal Hark, but were not abnormally eleistogamous. The inheritance of the Hark dwarf and its relationship to the ‘Lincoln’ dwarf (df₂) and the ‘Adams’ dwarf (df₃) genes were studied.

The crosses of Hark normal x Hark dwarf, Lincoln dwarf x Hark dwarf, and Adams dwarf x Hark dwarf were studied in F₁; F₂, and F₃. The Hark dwarf was controlled by a single recessive allele, designated df₄, that was nonallelic to df₂ and df₃ and independently inherited. No distinct double recessive phenotype was observed. There was a satisfactory fit to a ratio of 9 normal:3 Hark dwarf:4 Lincoln dwarf in the Lincoln dwarf x Hark dwarf cross and a 9 normal:3 Hark dwarf:4 Adams dwarf in the Adams dwarf x Hark dwarf cross. These data indicated that df₂df₂df₄df₄ F₂ plants were classified phenotypically as Lincoln dwarfs, and the df₃df₃df₄df₄ F₂ plants, as Adams dwarfs.

There was a range in height for F₂ and F₃ individuals of all three dwarf: types, indicating that expression of the df₂ df₃, and df₄ alleles may be influenced by modifying genes.

Key Words: Glycine max (L.) Merr. • Miniature plants • Soybean genetics

² Associate Professor of Agronomy, Iowa State University, and Collaborator, PSRD, ARS, USDA.

Received for publication August 18, 1971.