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Inheritance of Sterile Brachytic in an Infraspecific Cross of Arachis hypogaea L.¹

Twenty F₂ progenies frotn reciprocal infraspecific crosses between Arachis hypogaea L. cultivars ‘Argentine’ and ‘Early Runner’ were grown in field plantings. At 4 to 8 weeks 10,167 seedlings ( = 508/F₁ plant) were classified for brachytic vs. normal growth. Brachytic plants have a reduced leaf rachis, shorter petioles, and stem internodes and are male and female sterile. F₂ data tested by chi-square were found to fit a phenotypic ratio of 243 normal:13 brachytic. All 29 possible chisquares were nonsignificant (P<0.05). No differences occurred between reciprocal crosses.

Results indicate that the two parental cultivars differ at four unlinked loci, involving two sets of factors with cotnplementary-duplicate action, to condition the brachytic character. Gone symbols Bs_l, Bs₂, Bs₃, and Bs₄ are proposed. Two dominant alleles, one at each of any two loci, will result in normal plants. Plants homozygous recessive at any three loci or at all four loci are brachytic. Normal is completely dominant.

The efficacy of this gene model in interpreting results from investigations by previous researchers is shown by the lower chi-squares and higher P-values when their data are tested to the 243:13 ratio vs. the 15:1 ratio previously postulated.

Key Words: Complementary genes • Duplicate loci • Dwarf • Genetic improvement • Groundnut breeding • Growth habit • Peanut • Qualitative inheritance • Subspecific hybridization

² Research Assistant, Agronomy Department, University of Georgia. Athens and Tifton, Ga.

³ Research Geneticist, Plant Science Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, and Adjunct Research Associate in Genetics, University of Georgia College of Agriculture, Tifton, Ga. 31794.

Received for publication July 29, 1971.