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Variation and Selection for Preharvest Seed Dormancy in Safflower¹

Selection for preharvest seed dormancy had two aspects: selection for low or no germination in the head at maturity, followed by selection for short-term seed dormancy as shown by high germination after a period of seed storage. No domestic safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) had 20% or less germination in the head; however, a high frequency of wild Carthamus species did. Short-term dormancy was also found in wild species. Selections of Carthamus palaestinus Eig, which readily interbreed with domestic safflower, had as little as 7% germination with seeds stored for 3 weeks after harvest and as much as 100% with seeds stored for 19 weeks.

Key Words: After-ripening • Short-term seed dormancy • Germination

² Research Agronomist, Plant Science Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture and Professor of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz. 85721.

Received for publication July 16, 1971.