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Inheritance of Inflorescences in Main Stem Leaf Axils in Arachis hypogaea L.

Fourteen F₂ progenies of reciprocal crosses between peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars ‘Argentine’ and ‘Early Runner’ were classified at full flowering for type of branch, vegetative or reproductive, in the leaf axils of the main stem axis. Chi-squares for the seven progenies in each reciprocal, and the sum, pooled, and homogeneity chi-square for both crosses, separately and combined, gave close fits to a phenotypic ratio of 225 plants with vegetative branches: 3l plants with reproductive branches on the main stem. The results indicate that flowering response is controlled by two sets of duplicate loci interacting with epistasis between loci. Gene symbols J₁, J₂, K₃, and K₃ are propo~ed to designate the sets of duplicate alleles. Either J₁ or J₂ and K₃ or K.o interact to produce vegetative branches in main stem leaf axils. The implications of this genetic model are~discussed with respect to the breeding development of new and hitherto unknown peanut types.

Key Words: Arachis monticola • Breeding systems • Branching pattern • Duplicate loci • Epistasis • Flowering • Infraspecific hybridization • Reproductive efficiency • Peanuts

² Research Geneticist, Plant Science Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, and Research Associate, University of Georgia College of Agriculture, Tifton, Ga. 31794.

Received for publication January 23, 1971.