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Variability and Relationships Among Characters in Zea mays L. Synthetics with Improved Protein Quality¹

We measured means, genetic variances, heritabilities, and correlations among characters on half-sib families (ear-to-row progenies) from four opaque-2 (o₂) and two floury-2 (f1₂) maize (Zea mays L.) synthetics. Syn. D.O. o2 and SSSS o₂ were higher in percent lysine (of whole kernel), g lysine/100g protein (g L/100g P), yield, lysine/plot, but lower in percent protein and kernel density than fl₂ versions of the same synthetics. Genetic variances for all characters except g L/100g P were higher in fl₂ synthetics. Estimates of heritability suggested that improvement in lysine percent would require breeding efforts similar to those necessary to increase yield. Correlations obtained suggest that simultaneous selection for grain yield and percent lysine would be possible, and that increases in percent lysine would result from increases in g L/100g P and not from increased percent protein. Correlations between kernel density and yield were not significant.

Key Words: Lysine • Opaque-2 • Floury-2 • Kernel density

² Professor, Associate Professor, and Professor, respectively, Plant Genetics in Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. 61801.

Received for publication January 8, 1971.