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Evaluation of the World Collection of Safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L. I. Reaction to Several Diseases and Associations with Morphological Characters in Israel¹

The world collection of cultivated safflower, Carthamus tinctorius, containing about 2,000 lines, was studied for reaction to phyllody and to four foliage diseases. Of these lines, 547 were resistant to rust (Puccinia carthami), 17 to the Ramularia carthami leaf spot, 30 to the Cercospora carthami leaf spot, 919 to powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum), and 1,181 were free from phyllody.

All the lines were evaluated also for 20 morphological and phenological traits, using standardized terminology suitable for computer handling. The data were analyzed for associations of the disease reactions with geographical origins, reactions to other diseases, and morphological traits. Associations of various morphological traits with resistance to the diseases were established. Regions where the resistant lines occur at higher frequencies were also identified. The geographical divergence in disease reaction and the different frequencies of lines resistant to the diseases may be a result of varying selection pressures.

Key Words: Areas of origin • Mycoplasma • Puccinia verruca • Simultaneous range test • Rust races

² Senior Lecturer in Genetics and Plant Breeding. I acknowledge with thanks the technical assistance of A. Cahaner, A. Cohen, G. Lurya, Z. Herzog, and Y. Yaacoby at various phases of this research.

Received for publication March 14, 1969.