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Incorporation of High-Protein, Exotic Germplasm into Soybean Populations by 2- and 3-way Crosses¹

Exotic high-protein parents were studied as sources of variability for protein, oil, and protein + oil in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) populations derived from 2- and 3-way crosses. Random lines from homozygous 2-way adapted x exotic and 3-way (adapted x exotic) x adapted soybean crosses were evaluated. Significant genetic variability was detected for the three characters in each population. The high protein content of the exotic strains was transmitted readily to their offspring; and selection of high-yielding, high-protein strains from crosses involving exotic strains was possible.

Both 2- and 3-way population means were determined primarily by additive effects, but instances of epistatic effects were noted. The rank of population means was predictable from parental performance.

Genetic variance estimates, heritabilities, and correlations between characters were similar for our 2- and 3- way populations. The 3-way populations generally had significantly higher mean protein, oil, and protein + oil than the 2-way populations and were more useful sources for selection of all characters. Selection for protein + oil was successful in increasing the protein level of the population while maintaining the oil content at the level of the unselected population.

Key Words: Glycine max (L.) Merrill • Genetic variance • Heritability • Selection • Correlation

² Research Associate, Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University (present address: Northrup, King and Company, Washington, Iowa); and Associate Professor of Agronomy and Collaborator, Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Iowa State University.

Received for publication April 30, 1970.

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