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Yields and Chemical Composition of Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) Plants Derived from Summer and Winter Tillers¹

Summer (nonvernalized) and winter (vernalized) timothy (Phleum pratense L.) tillers were grown at 18 day/10 C night temperatures and harvested at anthesis. Inflorescence production and canopy heights were similar for both plant types, but the summer plants reached anthesis 12 days later. Yields of green leaf-blade, stem plus sheaths, stem base, root fractions, and total plant dry matter accumulation rate of the summer plants were significantly greater than corresponding parameters of winter plants. Similarly, number of leaves and green leaf-blade area per pot were significantly greater for the summer plants.

Percentages of total nonstructural carbohydrates and fructosans were significantly higher in the summer plant parts, while percentages of total N were significantly higher in the winter plants. Reducing sugar, sucrose, starch, nitrate N, and crude fat percentages were similar among plant parts and between plant types. In vitro digestible energy of the primary shoot green leaf-blades and of the primary and secondary shoot stems was significantly higher for the summer plants. In vitro digestible energy of the green leaf-blades on the secondary shoots was similar for both plant types.

Key Words: Vernalization • Dry matter accumulation rate • Total nonstructural carbohydrates • Total N • Crude fat • Digestible energy

² Formerly Research Assistant (now Assistant Professor, Plant Science Division, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82070) and Professor of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706. The authors thank Dr. Lee Painter and Dr. G. E. Smith, University of Wyoming, for conducting the nitrate N and IVDDM analyses, respectively.

Received for publication August 28, 1969.