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Covariance Analysis Involving Energy Production and Distribution Among Seed Fractions by Soybean Genotypes, Glycine max (L.) Merrill

Genetic correlations and regressions between agronomic characters and the three principal agronomic characters in the soybean (yield, oil content, and protein content) were presented. These relationships were applicable to a general population of improved soybean genotypes and involved wide environmental sampling. The genetic control of energy distribution among the respective seed fractions was examined utilizing a carbon equivalent transformation. The high-protein, high-yield combination should be compatible if considered in terms of energy investment. A required commitment of energy to the residual fraction was noted. The genetic correlations and covariance partitions supported the alternate hypothesis that genotypes in this population (from high-oil, improved parents) did not favor protein synthesis; rather, high energy production tended to favor oil synthesis. These observations suggested some physiological restriction for the production of high protein. The approximate nature of the energy transformation used was noted. To appreciate the problems involved in developing a high-yielding, high-protein genotype, one must first understand the energy requirements for the synthesis of protein and oil by soybean genotypes.

Key Words: Carbon equivalents • Additive covariance • Epistatic covariance • Intermated populations

² Kyushu Agricultural Experiment Station, Chikugo, Fukyoka, Japan, and Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N. C. 27607, respectively.