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Hybrid Vigor in Hard Red Spring Wheat Crosses¹

Yield and seed weight were studied in the F₁ and F₂ generations of 22 spring wheats, Triticum aestivum L. em Thell, crossed with ‘Lee’ and ‘Rushmore.’ Plots were grown in four-replicate tests at Brookings, S. Dak., in 1965 and 1967.

Yields of crosses ranged from 14% less to 82% more than the high parent. Highly significant differences for F₁ yields were found both years in general combining ability but only in 1965 in specific combining abilities. Yields of the 1^ and of the high parent were not correlated. Yields were not correlated between years for Lee, Rushmore, tested lines, or F₁S. F₂ yields in relation to the high parent for Lee crosses ranged from 35% less to 15% more and for Rushmore crosses from 42% to 6% less than the high parent. Only three F.jS ranked higher in yield than the high parent and these were of Lee parentage. F₁ and F₂ yields were not correlated. The tested lines that consistently produced F₁s higher in yield than the high parent were II54-30, SD622, SD6310, and SD6332.

In relation to the high parent, Fxs of Lee crosses ranged in kernel weight from 13% less to 13% more. Highly significant differences in general combining ability were shown both years but differences in specific combining abilities were not found. Kernel weights and yields of F₁S were correlated both years for Lee crosses and in 1965 for Rushmore crosses. The only correlation of significance between years was for kernel weights of the 22 tested lines. Kernel weights of F₂s ranged from 9% less to 7% more.

Key Words: Combining ability • Heterosis • Hybrid wheat • Seed weight

² Professor, and formerly Assistant in Agronomy, Agronomy Department, South Dakota Agr. Exp. Sta., Brookings, S. Dak. 57006. The junior author is now Graduate Research Assistant, Agronomy Department, University of Nebraska.

Received for publication February 1, 1969.