Fig. 7. The effect of gene A in different populations of individuals. The three genetic models used in the construction of this figure are an extension of those presented in Fig. 6. In all cases, the genetic models had 10 genes. Genes not represented in Fig. 6 were defined as having additive effects (i.e., equivalent to Fig. 6a). For example, for genetic models (K = 2), the first three genes were defined as in Fig. 6c and the remaining seven genes were defined to have additive independent effects. Figure 7a shows the distribution of allele effect size for gene A estimated in 10000 independent populations. Figure 7b shows the estimated allele effect for gene A across 10 cycles of selection for 30 different runs of selection. A positive effect size indicates that genotype class AA was favorable and a negative effect size indicates that genotype class aa was favorable. K = level of epistasis.