Fig. 1. Influence of below-ground herbivory by larvae of the Japanese beetle (JB–, JB+), and endophyte infection (E–, E+) on (a) number of tillers, and (b) above- and (c) below-ground biomass of ‘Goal Keeper’ perennial ryegrass plants in monocultures or mixtures with dandelion in the greenhouse. Data were collected during November 2001. Bars = mean ± SE.